
Rep Imagenol Dentomaxilofacial 2025 julio-diciembre; 4(2): 2025040202
Disponible en: hps://publicaciones.svrid.org.ve/index.php/rid
7 de 24e-ISSN: 2791-1888|
CAMBIOS DE LA ARTICULACIÓN
TEMPOROMANDIBULAR POR
DISTRACCIÓN OSTEOGÉNICA VERTICAL
MANDIBULAR.
Mora et al.
REPORTE DE CASOS
movimientos dentro de la ATM, limitaciones por los tejidos blandos, características de carga y
fuerza empleada en la supercie articular. Cuando se alarga la rama mandibular, el segmento
proximal y cóndilo, es movilizado hacia las estructuras restantes o reconstruidas de la ATM por la
fuerza ejercida por este proceso. 15,4 % presentó cambios patológicos en la ATM, disminuyendo
al nalizar la consolidación ósea; 84,6 % manifestaron cambios siológicos y adaptativos en la
ATM como proceso de adecuación. La función de la ATM debe ser monitoreada antes, durante
y después del tratamiento, para evitar complicaciones, que se pueden prevenir con el uso del
vector de distracción más apropiado, sin sobrepasar la carga y estrés físico, para no generar
resorción condilar.
Palabras clave: : Osteogénesis por distracción, ATM, resorción, cóndilo mandibular (DeCS)
ABSTRACT
Osteogenic distraction is one of the optimal treatments for craniofacial deformities;
therefore, load, applied pressure, cartilage metabolism, and the structure of adjacent soft
tissues must be considered to ensure success. Physiological and pathological changes in the
temporomandibular joint (TMJ) were determined after treatment. This was a retrospective,
cross-sectional study. The sample consisted of 26 medical records of patients between 5 and
40 years of age who attended the Postgraduate Program in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery at
the University of Carabobo over a 10-year period (January 2013-December 2023). Patients with
syndromic and non-syndromic craniofacial anomalies who underwent osteogenic distraction
were included. Clinical and imaging examinations were performed, along with changes in the
components of the TMJ, both after surgery and during the distraction phases. Furthermore,
movements within the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), limitations imposed by soft tissues,
load characteristics, and the force exerted on the articular surface are considered. When the
mandibular ramus is lengthened, the proximal segment and condyle are mobilized toward
the remaining or reconstructed TMJ structures by the force exerted during this process. 15.4%
presented pathological changes in the TMJ, which decreased after bone consolidation; 84.6%
exhibited physiological and adaptive changes in the TMJ as part of the adjustment process.
TMJ function should be monitored before, during, and after treatment to avoid complications,
which can be prevented by using the most appropriate distraction vector, without exceeding
the load or physical stress, to avoid condylar resorption.
Keywords: Distraction osteogenesis, TMJ, resorption, mandibular condyle (MeSH).